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Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund
The Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF) is a national non-profit civil rights organization formed in 1968 to protect the rights of Latinos in the United States.〔"MALDEF" entry in ''Los Angeles A to Z: An Encyclopedia of the City and County'', by Leonard and Dale Pitt, published by UC Press in 1997.〕 Founded in San Antonio, Texas, it is currently headquartered in Los Angeles, California and maintains regional offices in Sacramento, San Antonio, Chicago, and Washington, D.C.
==Background==
MALDEF was founded in San Antonio in 1968. With the help of the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) and the NAACP Legal Defense Fund (LDF), MALDEF got a $2.2 million grant from the Ford Foundation.〔 The grant provided scholarships for more Mexican-American lawyers.
In its first three years, MALDEF handled mostly legal-aid cases. Then MALDEF took part in employment discrimination and school funding cases with LDF, including Supreme Court cases through friend-of-the-court briefs. ''Demetrio Rodriguez et al. v. San Antonio Independent School District'' was a defeat, with the court ruling against equal financing of education. ''White, et al. v. Regester, et al.'' was an important victory. The case created single-member districts for Texas county, city council, and school board districts, ending at-large voting that had weakened minority voting power. In 1989 MALDEF won in ''Edgewood Independent School District v. State of Texas''. The Texas Supreme Court found the state's financing of education unconstitutional and ordered the legislature to change it.〔http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/jom01〕 This led to the “Robin Hood” funding system, where wealthier school districts had to give to a fund for poorer districts. This did not lead to educational equality, though, since wealthy districts could choose to spend even more on themselves.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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